Simlipal National Park, located in the Mayurbhanj district of Odisha, is one of India’s most prominent tiger reserves and a biodiversity hotspot. Spanning an area of 2,750 square kilometers, it is the largest national park in Odisha and part of the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves. With its rich flora, diverse wildlife, and mesmerizing waterfalls, Simlipal attracts nature enthusiasts, wildlife photographers, and adventure seekers from across the world.

In this article, we will explore the history, geography, wildlife, tourism, conservation efforts, and latest trends of Simlipal National Park in Odisha.

History of Simlipal National Park

Simlipal derives its name from the Simul (Silk Cotton) tree, which is abundant in the region. The park was originally a hunting ground for the royal family of Mayurbhanj before being designated as a wildlife sanctuary in 1956. In 1973, Simlipal was declared a Project Tiger Reserve, and in 1994, it became a Biosphere Reserve.

Today, Simlipal National Park plays a vital role in conserving endangered species, preserving the ecological balance, and supporting eco-tourism in Odisha.

• Location and Area
• State: Odisha
• District: Mayurbhanj
• Total Area: 2,750 sq. km
• Core Area: 845.70 sq. km
• Buffer Area: 2,000 sq. km

Simlipal is part of the Eastern Ghats and consists of lush Sal forests, dense grasslands, river valleys, and beautiful waterfalls. It is also home to numerous rivers like Budhabalanga, Khairi, and Salandi, which enhance the park’s natural beauty.

Climate

• Simlipal experiences a tropical monsoon climate with three major seasons:
• Summer (March to May): Hot and humid, with temperatures reaching 40°C.
• Monsoon (June to September): Heavy rainfall and lush greenery.
• Winter (October to February): Cool and pleasant, with temperatures dropping to 14°C.

The best time to visit Simlipal National Park is November to March when the weather is ideal for wildlife sightings and trekking.

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Top Attractions in Simlipal National Park

1. Barehipani Waterfall

Barehipani is India’s second-highest waterfall, plunging from a height of 399 meters. Surrounded by thick forests, it is a major tourist attraction in Simlipal.

2. Joranda Waterfall

Located inside the park, Joranda Waterfall cascades down 150 meters, offering a breathtaking view amidst the dense wilderness.

3. Chahala Zone

Chahala is the core zone of Simlipal where wildlife sightings are frequent. Visitors can often spot elephants, deer, and even tigers in this area.

4. Uski Waterfall

A lesser-known yet beautiful attraction, Uski Waterfall is a must-visit for nature lovers and trekkers.

5. Sitakund

A sacred waterbody located inside Simlipal, Sitakund is a place of mythological significance and a popular picnic spot.

Eco-Tourism and Activities in Simlipal

1. Jungle Safari

Visitors can explore Simlipal through a thrilling jeep safari, which covers major wildlife zones and waterfalls.

2. Trekking and Nature Walks

The park offers multiple trekking trails that lead to waterfalls, watchtowers, and scenic viewpoints.

3. Bird Watching

Simlipal is home to 231 bird species, making it a paradise for birdwatchers and wildlife photographers.

4. Tribal Culture Exploration

The park is home to various tribal communities like the Santhals, Mankadias, and Ho tribes. Visitors can experience their rich traditions, dance, and handicrafts.

Conservation Efforts and Challenges

1. Project Tiger Initiative

Simlipal is one of the first nine Tiger Reserves in India under Project Tiger (1973). The park has made significant efforts in tiger conservation and habitat protection.

2. Anti-Poaching Measures

Authorities have strengthened anti-poaching patrols, camera monitoring, and community involvement to protect wildlife.

3. Human-Wildlife Conflict Management

To minimize conflicts, the Odisha government has introduced compensation programs for farmers and promoted eco-tourism for sustainable development.

4. Reforestation and Habitat Restoration

Afforestation programs and biodiversity conservation projects are in place to maintain the ecological balance in Simlipal.

How to Reach Simlipal National Park?

By Air:
The nearest airport is Biju Patnaik International Airport, Bhubaneswar (195 km).

By Train:
The nearest railway stations are Baripada (17 km) and Balasore (60 km).

By Road:
Simlipal is well connected by road via NH-49 from major cities like Bhubaneswar, Cuttack, and Kolkata.

Best Time to Visit Simlipal National Park

The park remains closed during the monsoon (June to October) due to heavy rainfall. The best time to visit is from November to March, when the weather is ideal for wildlife safaris and trekking.

Conclusion

Simlipal National Park is a biodiversity treasure of Odisha, offering a perfect blend of wildlife, waterfalls, and tribal culture. With its thrilling safaris, scenic landscapes, and conservation success, it remains one of India’s finest nature reserves. For nature lovers and adventure seekers, Simlipal is a must-visit destination in Odisha.

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